Volume 3, Issue 1 (Spring & Summer 2017)
CIAUJ 2017, 3(1): 25-41 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Nejad Ebrahimi A, Shahbazi Y, Amjad Mohammadi A. Structural Typology of Karbandi and Rasmibandi in Persian Architecture based on the Place and Method of Usage. CIAUJ 2017; 3 (1) :25-41
URL: http://ciauj-tabriziau.ir/article-1-175-en.html
URL: http://ciauj-tabriziau.ir/article-1-175-en.html
1- Tabriz Islamic Art University , ahadebrahimi@tabriziau.ac.ir
2- Tabriz Islamic Art University
2- Tabriz Islamic Art University
Abstract: (5608 Views)
The so-called “Karbandi” and “Rasmibandi” are two kinds of vault covering elements based on Islamic star geometry, which are of the most common patterns in the restored projects and new buildings, including the Haj Mohammad Qoli Timche in Tabriz historic bazaar, the Mausoleum of Omar Khayyam in Nishapur, and others. These patterns are created by intersecting several rib vaults based on totally strict mathematical and structural techniques. Despite the importance of Karbandi and Rasmibandi in Persian architecture, there are plethora of contradictions and disagreements between workmen and researchers for determining and classification of various types of Karbandi and Rasmibandi. Therefore, the solidarity of previous statements and papers are diminished. Accordingly, the major question is as: what are the differences between various types of Karbandi and Rasmibandi based on their place and method of usage. The purpose of this paper is the clarification of Karbandi and Rasmibandi types and to find the similarities and differences between them. This study is a basic theoretical research and the research methodology used is analytic-descriptive, which relies on historical sources, historical documents, texts and images in historical periods and constructed samples. The paper is presented in two major sections. The first section is related to the scrutiny and comparison of previous works and attempts to determine the specific definitions of Karbandi and Rasmibandi concepts. As a consequence, the position of Kars in either major or secondary vaults cannot be used as criteria to distinguish Karbandi from Rasmibandi. The Karbandi as coverture can be used in both covertures of major vaults and coverture of secondary vaults, whilst, Rasmibandi can exclusively be used beneath major vaults. The most important difference between the major and secondary vaults is the kind of their load bearing mechanism. In the case of major vaults, the burden of both two clusters, dead loads and live loads, is by means of Karbandi. However, in the secondary vaults, Karbandi usually bears its own dead loads. Moreover, the Nimkar (semi-work) can be categorized in two Karbandi and Rasmibandi groups based on their performance and load bearing behavior. Karbandi has a rib vault of load bearings elements, whilst, Rasmibandi is constructed in dependence with upper vaults.
In the second section of this paper, the applications of different Karbandi and Rasmibandi types are investigated and their key points are highlighted by considering the findings of the previous section. The results indicate that, not only can Karbandi be used in the applications of coverture positions, but it also has non-coverture uses. Karbandi is someties used as either “Chapireh-Sazi” or in facade of buildings. In the case of “Chapireh-Sazi”, Karbandi is usually used by means of “Shekanj” and “Gosheh-Sazi”. In the case of Gosheh-Sazi, the transition is usually done without any height increase of dome. Thus, “Chanbare” is not created beneath the dome and the height of Chapireh-Sazi remains unchanged. Finally, a comprehensive classification of various types of Karbandi and Rasmibandi was presented based on usage place, constructional and form-related features, application, structural function, and material of rib vaults.
In the second section of this paper, the applications of different Karbandi and Rasmibandi types are investigated and their key points are highlighted by considering the findings of the previous section. The results indicate that, not only can Karbandi be used in the applications of coverture positions, but it also has non-coverture uses. Karbandi is someties used as either “Chapireh-Sazi” or in facade of buildings. In the case of “Chapireh-Sazi”, Karbandi is usually used by means of “Shekanj” and “Gosheh-Sazi”. In the case of Gosheh-Sazi, the transition is usually done without any height increase of dome. Thus, “Chanbare” is not created beneath the dome and the height of Chapireh-Sazi remains unchanged. Finally, a comprehensive classification of various types of Karbandi and Rasmibandi was presented based on usage place, constructional and form-related features, application, structural function, and material of rib vaults.
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
the comparative studies of Architecture and Urbanism in the realm of Cultural Iran
Received: 2018/07/13 | Accepted: 2018/07/13 | ePublished: 2018/07/13
Received: 2018/07/13 | Accepted: 2018/07/13 | ePublished: 2018/07/13
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
