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KeyNezhad Z, Mokhtari Keshavar M, Maleki A, Shahbazi Y. Investigating the Role of Water in the Howzkhaneh of Traditional Cold Climate Houses on the Thermal Comfort of the Residents; Case study: Ghadaki House, Tabriz. CIAUJ 2023; 8 (1) :53-64
URL: http://ciauj-tabriziau.ir/article-1-371-en.html

Achieving spaces with high quality and efficiency to ensure the comfort of the human body and mind is one of the most important goals of sustainable architecture. Our country's history of climatic design dates back to several thousand years. By studying the indigenous buildings in each climate, it is clear that they are designed entirely based on climatic principles to maximize using natural energy and deal with unpleasant cold and hot situations. Studies on thermal comfort in traditional houses show that indoor thermal comfort conditions have remained favorable even after all these years. In dry climates, the use of water in architectural spaces is a response to harsh climatic conditions. The use of mechanical systems in today's architecture, although they provide thermal comfort, has created negative environmental and economic consequences. While looking at the experiences of our predecessors in indigenous architecture, their approach to improving the quality of architecture can be seen in creating spaces with the principles of climatic design. One of the climatic design strategies for achieving thermal comfort in summer has been the creation of howzkhâneh (pool house) spaces in traditional houses with dry climates. In this research, the effects of the "howzkhâneh" of Qadaki house in Tabriz and its relation to the thermal comfort of residents, have been investigated. The case is modeled based on the maps and the existing situation. The EnergyPlus simulation engine was used to estimate the study's results. In the first step, the geometrical model was created in the Grasshopper user interface, a graphical and parametric programming environment in Rhinoceros software. Subsequently, by utilizing plugins like Ladybug Tools, an energy model based on this initial design was generated, and precise specifications of the spaces were applied to this model. Subsequently using Ladybug Tools plugin, an energy model based on this initial geometric model was generated, and precise specifications of the spaces were applied to this model. Many details in the geometry made the simulation and achieving results more difficult and time-consuming, so simplification of the model's integrity was considered. In the modeling process, a simplified volumetric model of the summer residence part of Qadaki House was generated using Rhino software's tools and then converted into an energy model using the Ladybug tools plugin in the Grasshopper environment. The thermal comfort level was determined using temperature and relative humidity during the day, PMV comfort patterns, temperature sensation, PPD, and biological and thermal adaptation of individuals. Two different studies were done in separate simulation models: the presence and absence of water in the howzkhâneh. The results of the simulations indicated that the presence of water significantly reduces the temperature and increases the relative humidity, resulting in more biological adaptation of the inhabitants, allowing residents to enjoy better thermal comfort for extended periods. The results obtained indicate that the presence of water in the howzkhâneh, in addition to the main howzkhâneh area, through the utilization of natural ventilation, has also had an impact on improving the comfort conditions of other adjacent spaces. On the other hand, the presence of this space is noteworthy from an architectural perspective, aesthetic appreciation, and fulfilling psychological and spiritual needs. The presence of water during the heat of summer also has a perceptual and mental impact on the residents' perception and feelings, and it can evoke a sense of mental freshness and coolness.