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Taghizadeh Kordi M, Saghafi M R, Afshari M, Safaei Movahhed S. Design and validation of architecture suggestions for community schools. CIAUJ 2024; 9 (1) :99-121
URL: http://ciauj-tabriziau.ir/article-1-563-en.html

On the one hand, there are many schools in Iran that can play important roles in their neighborhoods, yet they have been unfortunately neglected within the current educational system. On the other hand, designing an appropriate measurement tool and validating it is a fundamental requirement for any research. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify architecture suggestions for community schools using document mining, semi-structured, and informal interviews with participants (answering the sub-question) and validating the resulting questionnaire (answering the main question). The study is applicative in terms of purpose and a survey in terms of data collection method that was conducted in 2023 in Andisheh New Town and selected areas of Tehran. To validate this questionnaire, both content validity ratio (CVR) and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis (EFA)) were measured, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability. The initial questionnaire's content validity ratio (CVR) was assessed by 36 experts, resulting in the acceptance of 64 out of 70 items, with 3 additional items added based on expert opinions, leading to a final questionnaire with 67 items. After exploratory factor analysis, 5 latent factors were identified, including factor 1- organizational characteristics with 22 items (participatory, cultural, and comprehensive views); factor 2- human characteristics and needs with 17 items (physiological, psycho-social, and pleasant needs); factor 3- functional characteristics with 13 items; factor 4- diversity with 10 items; and factor 5- adaptability with 5 items. The calculated Cronbach's alpha for the entire questionnaire was 0.972, and for all factors, it was higher than 0.753, indicating acceptable reliability of the research questionnaire. The validation results indicated that the architecture suggestions questionnaire for community schools has acceptable validity and reliability.