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Hashemi Toghroljerdi S M, Mohajeri M, Khakzand M, Moafi Gever M. (2026). The Relationship Between Social and Economic Sustainability and the Phenomenon of Speculation in the Transformation of Residential Urban Fabrics. CIAUJ. 11(1), 207-230. doi:10.61882/ciauj.11.1.677
URL: http://ciauj-tabriziau.ir/article-1-677-en.html

Rapid urbanization and increasing population concentration in residential areas have led urban planners to adopt density-oriented development as a strategy for efficient land use. However, when residential density becomes associated with speculative practices in land and housing markets, it may generate significant socio-economic challenges. This study examines the relationship between speculative mechanisms in residential density modification and their impacts on social and economic sustainability. Using a qualitative documentary and interpretive analytical approach, the research reviews theoretical literature, urban policies, and empirical studies related to density regulation in Iranian cities, with particular reference to evidence from the city of Kerman. The findings indicate that density increases have often occurred without proportional improvements in urban infrastructure, services, and public spaces, transforming density into a mechanism for spatial rent extraction and short-term municipal revenue generation. This process contributes to spatial inequality, weakening of social cohesion, and declining quality of urban life. The study concludes that density policies driven by speculative interests are inconsistent with the principles of sustainable urban development and highlights the need for equity-oriented density management and more sustainable urban governance.