----------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
Volume 5, Issue 1 (Semi-Annual 2020)                   CIAUJ 2020, 5(1): 123-149 | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Khasm Afkan Nezam E, Navidi Majd F, Fadavi Anbiayee B. Re-evaluation of the Patterns and Practices of Contextual Architecture in Islamic Cities in the Age of Globalization. CIAUJ 2020; 5 (1) :123-149
URL: http://ciauj-tabriziau.ir/article-1-232-en.html
Re-evaluation of the Patterns and Practices of Contextual Architecture in Islamic Cities in the Age of Globalization
Erfan Khasm Afkan Nezam *1 , Fereshteh Navidi Majd2 , Babak Fadavi Anbiayee2
1- Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran , erfannezam@yahoo.com
2- Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, Islamshahr, Islamshahr, Iran
Abstract:   (4433 Views)
In the world architecture literature, Islamic architec­ture features as an important and noteworthy histori­cal tradition. This tradition is regarded far beyond a purely historical tradition by Iranians. Iranian architec­ture represents a manifestation of unity in plurality and an attempt to achieve unity in the plurality world through uniting the opponents via an order; this kind of architecture, is considered as a part of architectural identity in Islamic Iran. In the Iranian-Islamic culture, architect as a devotee worshiper and bystander in this world, would design and implement the capsule of human living  in harmony with the facts of the uni­verse and not for the sake of showing off, as he relied on a power beyond human will and control. It is not through wealth, dexterity and expertise but through the amount of transparency, capability and require­ment is able to get a glimpse of the infinite truth and manifest it in his work, with respect to the physical, historical, climato-geographical and socio-cultural contexts of the architectural context. “Islamic archi­tecture”, unlike Renaissance architecture, does not make man aware of the function of each part of building, as this is a mixing between two realms of re­ality from the Islamic view point and means lack of in­tellectual honesty. Accordingly, it is through considering “identity” in the context that brings plu­rality close to “diversity,” and it is the diversity that makes life attractive and beautiful. Nowadays, reli­gion and religious teachings have been however mar­ginalized in the body of the contemporary Iranian city, resulting in a body shaped entirely based on the pat­terns of modernity (especially contemporary western civilization) or globalization. This, and the available lit­erature on contextualism, warranted a study on this field of Islamic view and Muslim thinkers. The present study consists of two parts: in the first part, using the “meta-analysis” method, addresses the previous works on the  “Islamic city” and its subsets as well as “contextualism” in the Islamic thought and the availa­ble literature of eastern thinkers. In the second, the components are analyzed based on the types of “con­textualism” in the contemporary architecture before the “model of Islamic view on context” is presented in a diagram. Based on the results, considering the de­sign processes and patterns practiced and formed by “experienced and thoughtful architects” represents a way to grasp socio-cultural roots of contemporary so­ciety. Because, these projects adhere to simple and consistent patterns that stem from the culture, be­liefs, nature and lifestyles of the community, and the conversion of these factors into architectural patterns should be explained to the public and should be acted in a way that the simple and consistent principles be­come context of the architectural designs spontane­ously. This study aimed at obtaining a single source, guiding principles and executive guidelines to be used by designers in designing new buildings in the valua­ble contexts of Islamic cities; as “future shapes and patterns will be born in relation to the past and the persistent and repeating past principles will take on their new form with new experience and insight.”
Keywords: Islamic city, Responses architecture, Reverence, Contextualism pattern, Context.
Full-Text [PDF 2073 kb]   (1921 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original Article | Subject: Identifying the way of life based on the three components of the body, lifestyle and concepts - meanings
Received: 2019/11/3 | Accepted: 2020/03/15 | ePublished: 2020/05/14
References
1. The Holy Quran. 2010. Translated by Mahdi Elahi Ghomshehei. Tehran: Printing and Publishing Organization.
2. Ardalan, N., Sert, J. L., Doshi, B., Safdie, M., and Candilis, G. 1976. Habitat Bill of Rights, Ministry of Housing. Persian: Imperial Government of Iran. [In Persian]
3. Ardalan, Nader., and Bakhtiar, Laleh. 2001. The sense of unity : the Sufi tradition in Persian architecture. Translated by Hamid Shahrokh. Isfahan: Khak Publishing. [In Persian]
4. Ashraf, Ahmad. 1975. Historical features of urbanization in Iran - Islamic period. Publication info Journal (4): 7-49. [In Persian]
5. Babaei, Saeid., and Khakzand, Mehdi. 2019. Contextualism in the Works of Non-Iranian Architects during the Pahlavi I Era Case Study: Alborz and Iranshahr Schools. Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies 8(14): 171-189. [In Persian]
6. Bayzidi, Q., Etesam, I., Farah, H., and Mokhtabad Amrei, S.M. 2013. Explanation of Regionalistic Viewpoints & their Evolution in Contemporary Architecture. Journal of Naqshejahan (Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning) 3(1): 7-18. [In Persian]
7. Bazrafkan, K., Akbari, A.A., Tehrani, F., and SoltanZadeh, H. . 2017. Conceptualism and Regionalism Planning Methods in the Iranian Architecture (Case Study: Distinctive Works of Different Eras in Tehran Architecture). Intenational Journal of Urban and Rural Management 16(48): 327-342. [In Persian]
8. Behzadfar, Mostafa. 2005. Urban Design Methods 1. Postgraduate Courses and Lectures in Urban Design, Department of Urban Planning, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science & Technology. [In Persian]
9. Bolkhari Ghahi, Hassan . 2005. Mystical Foundations of Islamic Art and Architecture. Tehran: Sooore Mehr Publishing Co. [In Persian]
10. Brolin, Brent C. 2007. Architecture in context: pitting new buildings with old. Translated by Rezazadeh. Second Edition. Isfahan: Khak Publishing.
11. Cumeo, Paolo. 2005. Storia dell urbanistica Il mondo islamico. Translated by Saeed Tizghalam. Tehran: Civil and Rehabilitation Company.
12. Fazelian, S.M., and Eqbali, S. R. 2017. Lifestyle; the neglected element of Islamic architecture. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in the humanities 10(1): 57- 80. [In Persian]
13. Feilden, Bernard M. 1998. Management guidelines for world cultural heritage sites. Translated by Piroz Hanachi. Tehran: University of Tehran Press(UTP).
14. Frampton, Kenneth. 1995. Studies in Tectonic Culture. Edited: John Cava. USA: Boston.
15. Ganji Kheibari, A., Diba, D., and Shahcheraghi, A. 2015. Form compliance with data: contextual architecture in the digital age. Journal of Iranian Architecture and Urbanism 6(10): 63- 82. [In Persian]
16. Golkar, K. 2008. Concptual Evolution of Urban Visual Environment; Form Cosmetic Approach Through to Sustainable Approach. Journal of Environmental Sciences 5(4): 95- 113. [In Persian]
17. Ghasemi, Hakem. 2018. Islamic Civilization in Transition; the Necessity of Foresight and Strategic Planning in Creating the New Islamic Civilization. Journal of Iran Futures Studies 2(2): 3- 21. [In Persian]
18. Ghorbani, Rahim. 2012. Indicators of Islamic Architecture and Urban Planning. Tehran: Presidential Strategic Studies Center and Al-Mustafa International Research Center. [In Persian]
19. Gharehbaglou, Minou., and Nari Ghomi, Masud. 2015. A Model of Environmental Psychology in interaction with Islamic thought. Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture 3(1): 19- 36. [In Persian]
20. Gharehbaglou, M., Farshcian, A.H., and Mohammad Alian, Z. 2016. The Influence and Effects of Social Interaction on Place Creation in Islamic Architecture. Journal of Arts and Humanities Studies 2(8-9): 1- 18. [In Persian]
21. Gregotti, Vittorrio. Et al. 1992. Contextualism?. Lotus International. (74).
22. Hashempour. P., Nezhadebrahimi, A., and Yazdani, S. 2018. Applying the contextualism approach in regeneration of historical textures(Case Study: Tabriz SAHEB-AL-AMR Square). Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Urban Design 6(1): 105- 126. [In Persian]
23. Hooshyar Yousefi, Bahram. 2015. Some Clues about Architectural Identity. Designer Magazine (11): 75- 80. [In Persian]
24. Hooshyar Yousefi, Bahram., and Chokhachian, Ata. 2015. A Search for the Lost Identity. Designer Magazine (11): 55- 58. [In Persian]
25. Hojat, Isah. 2012. Tradition and Innovation in Architectural Education. Tehran: University of Tehran Press(UTP). [In Persian]
26. Islami, Gholamreza. 1998. Endogenous development: A model for the Process of Man-Environment Transaction. unpublished PhD Thesis. Heriot-Wat University. Faculty of Environmental Studies. Edinburgh College of Art. Depatment of Architecture. Edinburgh. U.K.
27. Islami, Seyed Gholamreza. 2011. Lessons on architectural theory. Architecture Department. University of Tehran. [In Persian]
28. Islami, Seyed Gholam Reza., and Shahinrad, Mahnoosh. 2012. The Principle of Horizontality in Islamic Architecture. Journal of Kimiya-ye-Honar 1(2): 41- 64. [In Persian]
29. Izadi, Mohammad Saeid. 2019. Reflection of the Growth and Development of Creative Thoughts in Recognizing the Foundations of Iranshahr Urbanization. Journal of Conservation of Historical Area 1(in print queue). [In Persian]
30. J. Fox, Eric. 2008. Conceptualisttic Perspectives. Western Michigan University. Kalamazoo. Michigan (5): 55- 66.
31. Jormakka, Kari. 2017. Basics design methods. Birkhäuser. [DOI:10.1515/9783035612387]
32. Masoud, Mohammad., and Beigzadeh Shahraki, Masoud. 2013. Intermediate Buildings in Historical Contexts(Basics of Urban Design and Evaluation Criteria). Tehran: Azarakhsh Publishing. [In Persian]
33. MirBagheri, S.Mohammad Mehdi. 2014. Art, Religion, Modernity(Speeches in Art Basics). Qom: Publication of Modern Islamic Civilization (affiliated to Institute of Islamic Culture). [In Persian]
34. Mirzahosseini, M., Soltanzadeh, H., and Alborzi, F. 2019. The Role of German Engineers on Contemporary Iranian Architecture (With Emphasis on the First Pahlavi Period between 1925 and 1941). Journal of Bagh-e Nazar 16(75): 53- 70. [In Persian]
35. Mirsajadi, S. A., and Farkisch, H. 2017. Recognition of Typology and Effective Physical Factors in Traditional Residential Tissue of Neyshabur. Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture 4(4): 71- 89. [In Persian]
36. Molavi, Mohammed. 2018. The Social Approach to Quranic Tafsir as an Effective Driving Force in the Shaping and Prosperity of the New Islamic Civilization. Journal of Iran Futures Studies 2(2): 141- 160. [In Persian]
37. Mortada, Hisham. 2005. Traditional Islamic principles of built environment. Translated by Meshkini and Habibi. Tehran: Iranian Center for Urban Studies and Research. [In Persian]
38. Mozaffari, Ali. 2014. Forming National Identity in Iran: The Idea of Homeland Derived from Ancient Persian and Islamic Imaginations of Place. Visual Culture: Art Theory & Aesthetics. London: I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd. [DOI:10.5040/9780755608072]
39. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. 1990. Islamic art spirituality. Translated by Rahim Ghasemian. Tehran: Hekmat Publishing. [In Persian]
40. Naghavi, Pooyan., and Mazaherian, Hamed. 2019. Analysis of Contemporary Theories When Encountering the Context in Architectural Design. Journal of Bagh-e Nazar 16(74): 69- 80. [In Persian]
41. Naghizadeh, Mohammad. 2002. The Influence of Architecture and the City on Cultural Values. Journal of Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba(Memari-va-Shahrsazi) 11(11): 62- 76. [In Persian]
42. Naghizadeh, Mohammad. 2014. Iranian Garden from Imagination to Reality. Tehran: Iranian Student Book Agency(ISBA) [In Persian]
43. Naghizadeh, Mohammad. 2015. The "Quranic Teaching" and the "Ideal Islamic City". Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture 3(3): 46- 64. [In Persian]
44. Nezh Edebrahimi, Ahad., and Farshchian, Amir Hossein. 2014. The Relationship between Ethics and Technology in Architecture for the Islamic Community. Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture 2(3): 114- 131. [In Persian]
45. Noghrekar, A., Hamzenejad, M., and Forouzande, E. 2009. Eternity Secret of Architectural Works (In Modernism, Post Modernism and More Inclusive View). Journal of Bagh-e Nazar 6(12): 31- 44. [In Persian] [DOI:10.26686/aha.v6i.6751]
46. Pallasma, Juhani. 2013. The thinking hand : existential and embodied wisdom in arthitecture. Translated by Ali Akbari. Tehran: Parham Naghsh Publishing.
47. Pirbabaei, M.T., Gharehbaglou, M., and Alinam, Z. 2016. An investigation on the effects of individual factors in process-oriented study of place attachment with a cognitive psychological approach (Case study: The Gharebaghis' neighborhood of Tabriz). Journal of Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba(Memari-va-Shahrsazi) 21(2): 55- 68. [In Persian]
48. Pirbabaei, Mohammad Taghi., and Molaei, Asghar. 2016. The Contextual, Regional and Urban Design of the Path of Imam Reza's Journey to Iran. Journal of Razavi Culture 4(16): 101-142. [In Persian]
49. Pirnia, Mohammad Karim. 2004. Iranian Architecture Stylistics. Tehran: Soroush Danesh. [In Persian]
50. PourAhmad, A., and Mousavi, S. 2011. The social nature of Islamic city. Journal of Studies on Iranian Islamic city. 1(2): 1- 12. [In Persian]
51. Pourjafar, M.R., Ranjbar, E., and Amirkhani, A. 2008. The Quality of Traditional and Ethical Design Ideas Crystallizing in the Works of Contemporary Japanese Architects. Journal of Bagh-e Nazar 5(9): 3- 22. [In Persian]
52. Pourjafar, M.R., Pourjafar, A., and Safdari, S. 2015. Various Types of Islamic City and Pointing Out to Defining the Major Aspects of Ideal Islamic City. Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture 3(3): 1- 17. [In Persian]
53. Qayyoomi, Mehrdad. 2011. Speeches in the basics and history of architecture and art. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publishing Company. [In Persian]
54. Rapoport, A. 1969. House Form and Culture. New York: Prentice-Hall Inc.
55. Raeesi, Mohammad Mannan. 2017. Seeking the cause of identity crisis in contemporary architecture and urbanism of Iran with emphasis on triple of vision and value and action. Journal of Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba(Memari-va-Shahrsazi) 21(4): 63- 74. [In Persian]
56. Rezaei, Mahmud. 2014. Design Analytica: Reviewing Theories and Concepts in Contemporary. Tehran: Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch Publishing. [In Persian]
57. Sayyadi, S.E., Maddahi, S.M., and Mohammadpour, A. 2011. Sustainable Architecture. Tehran: Lutos Publishing. [In Persian]
58. Seddigh, R. 2000. Meta-Analysis of Studies in the Field of Social Pathology in Iran. Journal of Social Sciences Letter 15(15): 67- 103. [In Persian]
59. Shahidi, M.SH., Bemanian, M.R., and Yalpanian, M. 2008. The Role of Research in Architectural Design Training. Journal of Hoviate Shahr 2(2): 81- 92. [In Persian]
60. Shahteimori, Yalda., and Mazaherian, Hamed. 2013. Design Guidelines for New Constructions in Historic Context. Journal of Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba(Memari-va-Shahrsazi) 17(4): 1- 15. [In Persian]
61. Taban, Mohsen., Hashemi Demneh, L.S., Pourjafar, M.R., Pourmand, H., and Zabihi, H. 2011. The social nature of Islamic city. Journal of Studies on Iranian Islamic city. 1(3): 11- 20. [In Persian]
62. Tabatabaie, Mohammad Hossein. 1984. Tafsir Al-Mizan. Translated by Mohammad Bagher Hamedani. Qom: Raja Publishing. [In Persian]
63. Taghvaie, Vida. 2016. From Theoretical to Theoretical Foundations, in Art and Architecture. Tehran: Technical & Vocational University. [In Persian]
64. Tavallaei, Novin. 2002. Contextualism in Urban Planning. Journal of Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba(Memari-va-Shahrsazi) (10): 34- 43. [In Persian]
65. Trancik, Roger. 1986. Finding lost Space: The Theories of Spatial Urban Design. New York: Van Nostrand.
66. Lim, W. 2004. Architecture, Art, Identity: Is There Life in Singapore After Tabula Rasa?. in Identity Research/Research Papers: Architecture and Identity (Sponsored by Volkswagen Stiftung and Berlin University of Technology, .architecture-identity.de).
67. Zarezadeh, M., Daneshmand, S., and AliAbadi, M. 2015. How to intervene with a field-oriented manner in the sustainability of historical contexts using Space Syntax method. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Urban Design 3(1): 75- 90. [In Persian]
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2025 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Culture of Islamic Architecture and Urbanism Journal

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb